DavidM: transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010

2015-09-06T16:45:38Z

transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010

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== Mentions ==
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: The [[Our Millenium]] project, by the [[Community Foundations of Canada]] in the [[Date::late 1990s]], was designed as a way to celebrate and link communities. [[4.6 million participants]] produced projects in eleven societical categories.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Higher [[wages]] and [[benefits]], including knowledge about existing benefits, are also encouraged or enforced through policy, community and government intervention.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Joint problem-solving brings communities and governments together, and usually achieves [[measurable results]] (useful for reviewing). It ideally results in policy development, resulting in larger systemic change. Collaborative efforts are either self-prescribed or directed. An issue is [[the agenda may not be community-driven and generally needs ongoing government involvement]].
* From [[Concepts]]: Working with the academic community
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Community infrastructure and individual capacity are used to address basic sustenance needs. The private sector, government and communities are involved in providing sustenance.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: The chapter discusses what CED is, whether it can be a solution; the history of local empowerment, how CED has worked, that different definitions and strategies are used. The inconsistent notion of community is discussed. The potential that current CED may counter-productively contribute to neo-liberal capitalism is discussed, with transformative CED, meant to disrupt and challenge, presented as a solution.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: CED changes the focus from economic growth and profit, to how wealth is used and distributed, not just including market activities but also private and public spaces, with people prioritized before capital, integrating economic, ecological, political and cultural development aimed towards reclaiming "the community."
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: [[Exportable commodities]] are the basis of export theory, where regional advantages in production and transportation are used, often bolstered through government or external capital subsidies in infrastructure, and the community strengths, such as marketing organizations, credit and transport facilities, are enhanced. Total economic activity is based on exports (basic), with a non-export (non-basic) local economy. Cyclical sensitivities are determined by the elasticity of staples (eg essentials vs luxuries). The community's success is determined by the success of its exports, affected by fall in demand, exhaustion of a natural resource, uncompetitive resource costs or technological change. Transportation development or higher income may result in more (but uneven) export opportunities, bringing new capital.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Local governance bodies require frameworks and tools that fit into sustainable development. They are pivotal in the communities agenda as factor organizers, harnessing resources including finances, organizations, projects, and opportunities. Conveners are required, who are often an important individual or agency.
* From [[MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf]]: [[Date::After 1960]], [[infrastructure]] projects and relocation targetting slow growth areas - strategy didn't work because of [[top down]] assumptions, lack of social & economic [[fundamentals]], expectation for quick turn around, lack of involvement of local communities.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: In examining a shift from supportive communities based on kinship and common aims to larger, more impersonal societys based on interlocking economic, political etc interests, the social sciences became preoccupied with the implications of these events.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 1 - Reaching for Resilience]]: The concept of clusters originated in research in the [[Date::1960s]], with [[Michael Porter]]'s [[Date::1990s]] sector-based form, focused on geography, informal relationships, and supporting institutions. In the communities agenda framework, the social dimension of communities is the result of related geographic clusters that are synergistic networks of activity, which thrive due to proximity.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Systems and processes are being created to help communities with their know-what requirements. [[Opportunities 2000]], [[Action for Neighborhood Change]]'s [[Neighborhood Vitality Index]], the [[United Way of Canada]]'s work with the [[Centre of Governance at the University of Ottawa]] and the [[City of Ottawa]] projects that include the [[Neighbourhood Vitality Index]] develop statistics, profiles, baselines, comparisons, frameworks, indicators and other contributions to understanding groups and progress.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Community initiatives must engage diverse citizens and stakeholders (including outside the community) in developing policy and actions, building on the diversity theme of resilience and ecological systems.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Know-why relates to rationales and assumptions, which communities use to form unique theories of change.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: The resilience clusters sustenance, adaptability, engagement and opportunity are the substance of the communities agenda. To support them, [[strategic]] tasks and processes, and "[[leading between]]" are required - [[steering | convenor]] the collaborative process, and harnessing assets.
* From [[503 notes from September 14, 2008]]: Community practice - community development in US and UK
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: [[Building Communities from the Inside Out]] (manual), [[Development as Freedom]], [[Community Resilience Manual]] are works focused on assessing assets, vitality, and diversity, and creating sustainable livelihoods. These include capital (natural, built, social, human, financial, cultural), and delve into the specific contributions of members such as young people, people with disabilites, and seniors, focused on skills and contributions of community members.
* From [[MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf]]: CED: deliberate, comprehensive strategies by communities.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 1 - Reaching for Resilience]]: An issue is that [[clusters operate at cross purposes, are disconnected, have too few links, and a lack of collaboration]]. Therefore the communities agenda is tasked with creating healthy resilience clusters by improving links between cluster actors. It may be necessary to fill gaps first, for example, addressing affordable housing. It is also tasked with improving links, and finally to improve links between communities and government.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Monitoring progress around quality of life is growing, with many indicator initiatives, including the UK's [[15 Headline Sustainability Indicators]] and [[Sustainable Seattle]]. BC's Quality of Life CHALLENGE provides information to the community through indicators, where possible consistent with the [[Quality of Life Monitoring System]] developed by the [[Federation of Canadian Municipalities]]. This enables comparing progress.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: [[Local governance structures can results in an increase in planning, and possibly lead to fragmentation and duplication and relationship tensions.]] [[Another issue is increased demand on time, energy and resources.]] [[Tactical and strategic plans must be balanced]]; interim goals or quick wins can sustain momentum and generate participation. It is important to include quick, tangible results that are important to the community, guided by a strategic longer term vision.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 1 - Reaching for Resilience]]: [[Shared Spaces]] is meant to provide a "[[Ref:common conceptual starting gate | Shared Space, page 2]]" for the communities agenda [[framework]], which otherwise vary between communities.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: The strategy is articulated in a "[[Theory of Change]]," a series of steps derived in a backward-mapped way, based on community assets.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 1 - Reaching for Resilience]]: Social health is a [[determinent | !Indicator | Indicators | measuring | metrics | indicator | indicators | Measured | trends | baseline | status | profile]] of a healthy economy. Healthy communities create stability, create networks of trust, foster learning and networking, and are critical for innovation. They attract [[skilled workers]], who are critical to competitiveness. They are therefore recognised as the "engines of nations," and it is important to develop [[quality of life]] factors and provide social infrastructure. This includes addressing issues such as racial tension, poverty, employment and housing issues, social exclusion. drug abuse and domestic violence.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: Attraction models use incentives and subsidies to industrialists, entrepeneurs or particular socio-economic groups, emphasizing "civic entrepenerialism" to make communities more attractive for entrepenerial success. It may be countered when other communities use similar tactics. CED uses subsidies and incentives, though it does not support changing the makeup of populations, though they may be enhanced.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 1 - Reaching for Resilience]]: [[Sustainable development]] considers social and cultural domains, like the communities agenda, but focuses on the environment rather than economy as does the communities agenda.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Clusters are areas in the shared space. Like firms in economic clusters, work involved in the communities agenda is in three main tasks - Knowing, doing and reviewing. These depend on an evidence base and collaborative relationships, where possible and appropriate.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: When discussing community, linkages between place, economy, and culture, social continuity, good citizenship and a sense of belonging are major topics. The concept of community is used as a tool to discuss social transformation and cohesion, disruption of the traditional order and patterns by events such as [[industrialization]], [[urbanization]] and the rise of [[capitalism]].
* From [[MW150126 - The Political Imperative.pdf]]: Shift required in community sector and social movements from opposition to proposition, from conservation to innovation in [[political discourse]].
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Joint ventures build on service integration to combine mandates, resources, skills and plans when organizations do not have fiscal or jurisdiction to solve a problem. The [[Vancouver Agreement]] created a strategic plan for the [[Downtown Lower East Side]] in a [[Date::March 2000]] agreement with government, communities and business.
* From [[503 notes from September 14, 2008]]: Romantic view of community "Kumbaya communitarianism"
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Non profit or social housing are often confronted with '[[not in my backyard]]' syndrome, which can be countered by levering financial capital for community economic development.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: Self interest may interfere with successful collective action, but can be aggregated as others join a community. A lack of community leaders (who may already be employed), and more inclusive models of collective action that consider substinence and care, particularly from women, are final considerations.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: The growth-based approach assumes developing local industries to integrate into the larger capitalist economy to bring more prosperity. Ironic concerns arise around societical fragmentation due to adapted CED terms (and related terms, such as "social capital" used like a financial state rather than relationships), and making communites bankable components of the larger capitalist system. Interventions end up serving individuals rather than communities, dismember government, and serve as forms of social control by their definition. The section concludes that this kind of growth is most appropriate in emergencies, with more complex process required under ordinary circumstances.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: [[Staple theory]] is around diversification of an export base. Its [[backward linkages]] measure dependencies in the region - a restaurant purchasing local food and labour. [[Forward linkages]] measure output sold to other regional sectors. [[Demand linkage]] is a measure of how much investment in regional industry produces goods for consumption, investment or government purhcase by the export sector. [[clarify]] [[Leakage]] measures income flows leaving a community, for example through migratory workers, external input purchases, or externally owned enterprises. Linkages are multiplied by domestic production, and [[supply side]] expansion in labour, capital, entrepeneurship, and complementary input (eg technology).
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Discrete, comprehensive community initiatives have emerged with their own mandates. They assail the weaknesses in the compartmentalized approach - for example, eligibility for one type of assistance may cancel qualification for another.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: They start by understanding their profile to identify affected members, including groups and areas. Next they develop logistics for participation suitable to members - often community centres or libraries are used, and meals provided. Advisory groups are also sometimes created.
* From [[MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf]]: 8000 community based organizations in Québec, in old (resource, factory) and new (social, housing, tourism) services. 120000 people, 7% of provincial [[income]], due to history (eg caisses populaires). [[Law]] [[against | vs]] poverty.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: In creating new stock, collaborative work such as the [[Quality of Life CHALLENGE]] in [[BC]] linked federal, provincial, municipal government, institutions and community groups with the [[Housing Affordability Partnership]]. The flow of capital was coordinated, and housing trust funds set up. Total funds leverage 14 times the amount from provincial and federal government. By-law was influenced to join up work, create [[linkages | linkage]] and [[scale]] up efforts.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: Community has many definitions, geographic and virtual. Relationships, shared experiences, and human scale form an important part, often opposed to bureacracy and centralization. The term is romanticized to emphasize unity over differences, the assumption that local development is better than non-local, civil society better than the state, face to face communications is more pure, and assumes a "dream" of participatory democracy.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: The first [[Quality of Life Indicators]] report in [[Date::1999]] provided a baseline for population, community, affordability, housing, workforce, health, community safety and participation; in [[Date::2005]] charts changes and expands scope. This provides a sense of the current status and changing profile, and a base for exploring data. [[The data provided a contradictory picture]], reflecting a need to revise the knowledge base and monitoring progress.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: Local community efforts in North America date to [[Date::early 20th century]] settler communities, losing their popularity in in the [[Date::1950s - 1960s]] due to a surge in capitalism. By the [[Temporal:1980s]], globalization, post-industrialism and neo-liberal policies, promoted market players and supported by government, had deprecated welfare state ideals. Civil society, in forms such as NGOs, CDCs, CD, CED, [[community development intermediary organizations | CDIO]], micro-enterprise, micro-lending, [[participatory rural appraisal | PRA]], etc emerged in support of local development and empowerment, with an assumption they could support good social services. Successes have included fighting the economic problems of exclusion, and time dollar banks.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: For example, [[Understanding the Early Years]] uses local community data, using asset maps with location and dispersion for easy identification. [[Vibrant Surrey]], part of the [[Vibrant Communities]] project, is developing the [[Economic Security Mapping Project]], a street level GIS tool for comparing services with demographics to identify strengths and gaps.
* From [[MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf]]: [[Globalization]], [[centralization]] create need for more organizations. 12000 community based organizations. Most are not [[economic development]] focused.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: CED includes gap-filling (discussed in ToRC ch 1), with a local community and economic focus.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: A solution is in the shift from government (eg rules and regulations set in parliament) to governance by local stakeholders, with community based local governance structures which may be more inclusive and have longer visions.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: In addition, communities must work with internal organizations, government and universities.
* From [[Concepts]]: * [[CLEDINet | !Community and Local Economic Development International Network]] - knowledge sharing and capacity building for quality of life of disadvantagd communities in NA
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: Approaches to community development derived from colonial administration efforts [[Date::post world war II]] in developing basic education, as well as nation-state changes, market economy, communications and transnational connections. The term was used often in the UN in the [[Date::1950s]], and appeared in [[Date::1960s]] in social sciences approaches. It returns to attention today due to globalization.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: [[Export base theory]] relates to CED in terms of external economies and the role of capital, and their complications. Export base theory is contrary to CED literature which advocates inward-focused community or convergence approaches, where domestic production is oriented towards the needs of the community first.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: The chapter presents theoretical underpinnings for economic aspects of CED, and proposes that micro-economic theories support linkages of small scale econonmic organizations, linkages in community development. Next two economic rationales for subsidization of CED is presented. Next the fiscal impact of CED is analyzed, finally how individual community residents may or may not choose to participate in collective action.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Joint learning, including communities of practice, develops a shared repetoire of methods, tools, techniques, language, stories and procedures by building a sense of trust and comfort in asking questions, attain higher profiles, link communities and transfer base knowledge.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Between clusters, adaptation, engagement and opportunity can be combined with sustenance to provide access to healthy resources such as cooking classes, engage with helpful groups such as artists, and opportunities in training and community run businesses.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Know-who refers to who is involved in the community and outside, to apply lessons and link with existing efforts. Asset mapping may be used.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: [[Quebec government]] has enacted anti-poverty legislation with [[Bill 112]]'s [[National Strategy to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion]], with reporting every three years. Interventions include promotion of school success and social integration, basic education and access to continuing education, and volunteer and community actions. Montreal declared a [[Montreal Charter of Rights and Responsibilities]], with obligations for government actors. The [[Government of Newfoundland and Labrador]] released [[Reducing Poverty: An Action Plan for Newfoundland and Labrador]] in [[Date::June 2006]], which calls for a long term plan.
* From [[Concepts]]: * [[Chantier de l'économie sociale]] - [[Date::1996]] [[Québec]] social economy network of networks, community-university
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: In the communities agenda, doing involves creating links, and collaborative work - information exchange, shared learning and training, integrated development plans and initatives, consolidated application procedures and protocols, joint procurement and common evaluation. Groups in Quebec have a longer history of collaborative forums, such as the '[[tables de concertaction]].'
* From [[MW150121 - Transformed by Community Economic Development.pdf]]: Southwest Montréal - from an [[industrial centre]] to poverty. PEP and RESO successful [[intervention]] through [[citizen engagement]]: socio-economic partners - organization must be composed of [[elected | voting | vote | democracy | !democratic | election]] representatives of different sectors of the community (four from business, four from [[community organizations | community based organization | community organization | community based organizations]], two union [[leaders | Leader | lead | leading]], two associate members known for their influence, board grew to include local institutions, residence and elected municipal officials), committees and forums, AGM; Collaboration: supporting key [[community projects]], [[economic]], employment and [[recreational | recreation]] [[tourism | tourist]] plans; [[employment support]] and [[advice]] to [[entrepreneurs | entrepreneur | entrepreneurship]], [[maintained | maintain]] [[industrial zoning]], [[networking]] between businesses, workshops for training, secondary school for adults developed with [[industry | industrial | factory]], unions and [[literacy]] organizations.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: [[Vibrant Communities]] is an organization that focuses on reducing poverty, using a structured learning circle, the [[Pan-Canadian Learning Community]]. [[Trail Builder]] communities receive funding to develop inclusive strategies, using local governence boards with diverse members including business,government, volunteer organizations and individuals.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: [[Local governance can focus on complex, long term plans, whereas communities must focus tactically due to lack of resources while using created governance.]] Coordination mechanisms, and comprehensive community initiatives, that encourage collaboration within integrated clusters of actions, government and the private sector, are required.
* From [[MW150107 - Common Ground.pdf - Social Economy & CED]]: [[Successful | Success | success | successful | successes]] initiatives combine action in domains, [[prioritize]] and [[sequence]]. Rely on [[community | Community | communities]]'s [[resources | resource | assets | asset]] and strengths. Draw on outside resources, eg for funding, [[clout | influence]], [[technical assistance]]. Focus on long term outcomes.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Emerging (vs traditional, needs driven) approaches view communities as the sum of their strengths (asset based). Initiatives are rooted in the community.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: The [[Community Foundations of Canada]] launched a civic indicator on the [[Toronto Community Foundation]]'s [[Vital Signs]] project, which measures and grades vitality in common areas and those unique to communities. Funded by the [[J.W. McConnell Family Foundation]], community foundations in Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Red Deer, Medicine Hat and Waterloo region will use this instrument.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Shared planning and intervention is a core communities agenda topic. It can be used to coordinate the flow of resources, as in the [[Housing Affordability Partnership]] or the [[Safe Communities Foundation]].
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Community initiatives are also important to address gaps in government and community agencies, because they involve local stakeholders used to dealing with relevant complexity in a less segregated way.

[[Category:Org]]

Community - Revision history

DavidM: transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010