DavidM: transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010

2015-09-06T16:45:53Z

transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010

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== Mentions ==
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: There is no formal economic theory for CED, but there are aspects under two other theories. Regional economics examines spatial disparities within countries under [[export base theory]], [[location theory]] and [[attraction models theory]], while economic development theory offers [[staple theory]], [[big push theory]] and [[convergence theory]].
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: The chapter presents theoretical underpinnings for economic aspects of CED, and proposes that micro-economic theories support linkages of small scale econonmic organizations, linkages in community development. Next two economic rationales for subsidization of CED is presented. Next the fiscal impact of CED is analyzed, finally how individual community residents may or may not choose to participate in collective action.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: Local community efforts in North America date to [[Date::early 20th century]] settler communities, losing their popularity in in the [[Date::1950s - 1960s]] due to a surge in capitalism. By the [[Temporal:1980s]], globalization, post-industrialism and neo-liberal policies, promoted market players and supported by government, had deprecated welfare state ideals. Civil society, in forms such as NGOs, CDCs, CD, CED, [[community development intermediary organizations | CDIO]], micro-enterprise, micro-lending, [[participatory rural appraisal | PRA]], etc emerged in support of local development and empowerment, with an assumption they could support good social services. Successes have included fighting the economic problems of exclusion, and time dollar banks.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: An input-output analysis provides an economic tool for understanding linkages and multipliers, predicting final demand. Multipliers illustrate the importance of forming linkages.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Employment has improved since the [[Date::1990s]], but social programs, in decline since the [[Date::mid-1970s]], do not address problems brought on by ongoing unemployment and poverty, as well as new problems, such as lack of benefits or adequate pay for more "flexible" work forces (part time, contract, self employed, minimum wage), and working mothers. This lack of support lead to continued cycles of poverty and lost economic opportunities.
* From [[MW150121 - Transformed by Community Economic Development.pdf]]: Southwest Montréal - from an [[industrial centre]] to poverty. PEP and RESO successful [[intervention]] through [[citizen engagement]]: socio-economic partners - organization must be composed of [[elected | voting | vote | democracy | !democratic | election]] representatives of different sectors of the community (four from business, four from [[community organizations | community based organization | community organization | community based organizations]], two union [[leaders | Leader | lead | leading]], two associate members known for their influence, board grew to include local institutions, residence and elected municipal officials), committees and forums, AGM; Collaboration: supporting key [[community projects]], [[economic]], employment and [[recreational | recreation]] [[tourism | tourist]] plans; [[employment support]] and [[advice]] to [[entrepreneurs | entrepreneur | entrepreneurship]], [[maintained | maintain]] [[industrial zoning]], [[networking]] between businesses, workshops for training, secondary school for adults developed with [[industry | industrial | factory]], unions and [[literacy]] organizations.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: CED includes gap-filling (discussed in ToRC ch 1), with a local community and economic focus.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance]]: Safe and clean human habitats comprise the foundation of well being," and are a global social objective based on the [[World Summit on Sustainable Development]] in [[Date::200]], the [[Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements]] in [[Date::1996]], and [[Agenda 21]] in the [[Rio Declaration on Environment and Development]] in [[Date::1992]]. Statistics show a lack of proper food, shelter, and clothing in Canada, leading to health, social and economic problems.
* From [[Shared Space Chapter 2 - Organizing for complexity]]: Diversity can create unpredictibility, but also creativity and innovation, requiring creative problem solving, learning through innovation. Communities must anticipate change, manage challenge and harness opportunity, while rooted in difficult social and economic contexts.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: CED changes the focus from economic growth and profit, to how wealth is used and distributed, not just including market activities but also private and public spaces, with people prioritized before capital, integrating economic, ecological, political and cultural development aimed towards reclaiming "the community."
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: Technology can be used in transformative strategies. CED may also link economic, social, environmental, political and cultural considerations, departing from the current economic system, and as a way to engage with government.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: Clusters are areas in the shared space. Like firms in economic clusters, work involved in the communities agenda is in three main tasks - Knowing, doing and reviewing. These depend on an evidence base and collaborative relationships, where possible and appropriate.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: [[Exportable commodities]] are the basis of export theory, where regional advantages in production and transportation are used, often bolstered through government or external capital subsidies in infrastructure, and the community strengths, such as marketing organizations, credit and transport facilities, are enhanced. Total economic activity is based on exports (basic), with a non-export (non-basic) local economy. Cyclical sensitivities are determined by the elasticity of staples (eg essentials vs luxuries). The community's success is determined by the success of its exports, affected by fall in demand, exhaustion of a natural resource, uncompetitive resource costs or technological change. Transportation development or higher income may result in more (but uneven) export opportunities, bringing new capital.
* From [[Shared Space - Chapter 3 - Working in the Shared Space]]: In [[Date::2006]] [[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada]]'s [[Rural Secretariat]] launched a national statistical website with free economic and [[demographic]] information.
* From [[MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf]]: [[Date::After 1960]], [[infrastructure]] projects and relocation targetting slow growth areas - strategy didn't work because of [[top down]] assumptions, lack of social & economic [[fundamentals]], expectation for quick turn around, lack of involvement of local communities.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization"]]: In examining a shift from supportive communities based on kinship and common aims to larger, more impersonal societys based on interlocking economic, political etc interests, the social sciences became preoccupied with the implications of these events.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: Cohesiveness may not exist and may need to be created for collective action. An expectation exists that individuals respond to economic disadvantage by seeking gains through the political system. Those who have more to gain, such as job training or employment, are considered more likely to participate. Individuals weigh benefits of participating in collective actions against the costs of participation. Benefits include public and private benefits, personal satisfaction, actualization or entertainment, or concern for others.
* From [[Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development"]]: Both CED and convergence theory have an inward focus and an emphasis on self-reliance and planned production. Convergence theory, staple theory and big push theory all emphasize linkages. Linkages (forward, backward and final demand) cause economic growth and development. External economies improve the competitive cost and position of an economy through linkages, and enhancement. CED calls for public subsidization for neccesary capital, to avoid external mandates and leakages.

[[Category:Concept]]

Economic - Revision history

DavidM: transplanting from smwxbig pre 2010