Linkages

Mentions

• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": The chapter presents theoretical underpinnings for economic aspects of CED, and proposes that micro-economic theories support linkages of small scale econonmic organizations, linkages in community development. Next two economic rationales for subsidization of CED is presented. Next the fiscal impact of CED is analyzed, finally how individual community residents may or may not choose to participate in collective action.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": When discussing community, linkages between place, economy, and culture, social continuity, good citizenship and a sense of belonging are major topics. The concept of community is used as a tool to discuss social transformation and cohesion, disruption of the traditional order and patterns by events such as industrialization, urbanization and the rise of capitalism.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": To be price competitive, a CED must either increase scale and export or use subsidization by the public sector. Increased exports may result in a loss of self reliance, whereas subsidies benefit projects with backward and final demand linkages. Subsidy benefits are enhanced when mulitple projects are subsidized.
• From Shared Space - Chapter 4 - Supporting Sustenance: In creating new stock, collaborative work such as the Quality of Life CHALLENGE in BC linked federal, provincial, municipal government, institutions and community groups with the Housing Affordability Partnership. The flow of capital was coordinated, and housing trust funds set up. Total funds leverage 14 times the amount from provincial and federal government. By-law was influenced to join up work, create linkage and scale up efforts.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Both CED and convergence theory have an inward focus and an emphasis on self-reliance and planned production. Convergence theory, staple theory and big push theory all emphasize linkages. Linkages (forward, backward and final demand) cause economic growth and development. External economies improve the competitive cost and position of an economy through linkages, and enhancement. CED calls for public subsidization for neccesary capital, to avoid external mandates and leakages.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Big push theory premises that linkages between industrial projects increase productivity and decreases costs. It does not acknowledge foreign trade, required for larger markets, and has a reliance on large investments. It is relevant to CED through the ideas of planned development and created linkages.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": An input-output analysis provides an economic tool for understanding linkages and multipliers, predicting final demand. Multipliers illustrate the importance of forming linkages.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Sustained growth depends on the ability to transform for market demands. A staple trap occurs with over dependences on export. Resource companies don't typically diversify and foreign investors with "export" their profits, resulting in an undiversified economy. Success results in growing past a staple economy. Staple theory is important to CED because of the concepts of maximizing linkages and minimizing leakage.