Community Economic Development

Mentions

• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": The growth-based approach assumes developing local industries to integrate into the larger capitalist economy to bring more prosperity. Ironic concerns arise around societical fragmentation due to adapted CED terms (and related terms, such as "social capital" used like a financial state rather than relationships), and making communites bankable components of the larger capitalist system. Interventions end up serving individuals rather than communities, dismember government, and serve as forms of social control by their definition. The section concludes that this kind of growth is most appropriate in emergencies, with more complex process required under ordinary circumstances.
• From 501 notes from September 13, 2008: "New Intermediaries" - CED
• From MW150102 - Editorial - The End of the Beginning.pdf: Manitoba created a CED focused !government | Municipalities | municipal.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": Local community efforts in North America date to early 20th century"early 20th century" contains a sequence that could not be interpreted against an available match matrix for date components. settler communities, losing their popularity in in the 1950s - 1960s"1950s - 1960s" contains an extrinsic dash or other characters that are invalid for a date interpretation. due to a surge in capitalism. By the Temporal:1980s, globalization, post-industrialism and neo-liberal policies, promoted market players and supported by government, had deprecated welfare state ideals. Civil society, in forms such as NGOs, CDCs, CD, CED, CDIO, micro-enterprise, micro-lending, PRA, etc emerged in support of local development and empowerment, with an assumption they could support good social services. Successes have included fighting the economic problems of exclusion, and time dollar banks.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Big push theory premises that linkages between industrial projects increase productivity and decreases costs. It does not acknowledge foreign trade, required for larger markets, and has a reliance on large investments. It is relevant to CED through the ideas of planned development and created linkages.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": Socio-economic theorists, civil society groups question capitalist imbalances and exclusion, instead favouring democraticization, sharing, cooperation, and ideals that favour collective well-being. Government, NGOs, academics have proposed remedial models: CED (a term mainly used in the West), is one of them.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": The chapter discusses what CED is, whether it can be a solution; the history of local empowerment, how CED has worked, that different definitions and strategies are used. The inconsistent notion of community is discussed. The potential that current CED may counter-productively contribute to neo-liberal capitalism is discussed, with transformative CED, meant to disrupt and challenge, presented as a solution.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": CED includes gap-filling (discussed in ToRC ch 1), with a local community and economic focus.
• From 503 notes from September 14, 2008: research use of tech in CED
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": CED changes the focus from economic growth and profit, to how wealth is used and distributed, not just including market activities but also private and public spaces, with people prioritized before capital, integrating economic, ecological, political and cultural development aimed towards reclaiming "the community."
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": Technology can be used in transformative strategies. CED may also link economic, social, environmental, political and cultural considerations, departing from the current economic system, and as a way to engage with government.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": To be price competitive, a CED must either increase scale and export or use subsidization by the public sector. Increased exports may result in a loss of self reliance, whereas subsidies benefit projects with backward and final demand linkages. Subsidy benefits are enhanced when mulitple projects are subsidized.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Export base theory relates to CED in terms of external economies and the role of capital, and their complications. Export base theory is contrary to CED literature which advocates inward-focused community or convergence approaches, where domestic production is oriented towards the needs of the community first.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Both CED and convergence theory have an inward focus and an emphasis on self-reliance and planned production. Convergence theory, staple theory and big push theory all emphasize linkages. Linkages (forward, backward and final demand) cause economic growth and development. External economies improve the competitive cost and position of an economy through linkages, and enhancement. CED calls for public subsidization for neccesary capital, to avoid external mandates and leakages.
• From Concepts: * CCEDNet - Founded by 16 CED organizations in 1999. National policy framework finalized in 2001 in Vancouver.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": The chapter presents theoretical underpinnings for economic aspects of CED, and proposes that micro-economic theories support linkages of small scale econonmic organizations, linkages in community development. Next two economic rationales for subsidization of CED is presented. Next the fiscal impact of CED is analyzed, finally how individual community residents may or may not choose to participate in collective action.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": There is no formal economic theory for CED, but there are aspects under two other theories. Regional economics examines spatial disparities within countries under export base theory, location theory and attraction models theory, while economic development theory offers staple theory, big push theory and convergence theory.
• From MW150132 - New Synergies.pdf: Co-ops in CED are local.
• From 503 notes from September 14, 2008: Sydney, Cape Breton - tradition of CED entrepeneurship
• From MW150113 - CED & Social Economy in Canada - A People's History.pdf: CED: deliberate, comprehensive strategies by communities.
• From Concepts: * !Community Economic Development
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 2 - Ghorayshi, Gradon, Kliewer "Towards a Social Theory in Community Economic Development: Idealizing Community in the Era of Globalization": CED needs to challenge and transform beyond local geography, to a sense of place (belonging) and global alliances, balancing diversity and unity, state and civil society, holding local leaders accountable and breaking social classes, by demystifying and providing alternatives to capitalist structures, allying itself with movements such as for the environment, peace, women's and gay rights.
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Attraction models use incentives and subsidies to industrialists, entrepeneurs or particular socio-economic groups, emphasizing "civic entrepenerialism" to make communities more attractive for entrepenerial success. It may be countered when other communities use similar tactics. CED uses subsidies and incentives, though it does not support changing the makeup of populations, though they may be enhanced.
• From MW150107 - Common Ground.pdf - Social Economy & CED: CED is a territorial approach to community development. Social economy is genre based enterprise development focused on enterprise development in the achievement of social goals, based on solidarity, autonomy, democratic decision making, individual and collective exercise of citizen | public]].
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Location theory builds on intrinsic labour and energy costs, and availability of suppliers, comunications, education, training and quality of life and local goernment, eventually beyond natural attributes using technology. It relates to CED through the idea of enhancement.
• From 503 notes from September 14, 2008: CED - social economy the "bottom line"
• From Transforming or Reforming Capitalism - Chapter 3 - Lamb "Towards an Economic Theory of Community Economic Development": Sustained growth depends on the ability to transform for market demands. A staple trap occurs with over dependences on export. Resource companies don't typically diversify and foreign investors with "export" their profits, resulting in an undiversified economy. Success results in growing past a staple economy. Staple theory is important to CED because of the concepts of maximizing linkages and minimizing leakage.